![]() It stimulates interest but may also induce caution to allow time for cognitive appraisal. Surprise: Emotions of surprise are a mismatch between the experience expected and the experience that occurs it may create feelings such as amusement, shock, wonderment, disbelief, speechlessness.Biologically, it helps avoid dangers signaled by prior associative learning. Fear: A primitive emotion that may manifest in frankness, apprehension, nervousness, worry, anxiety, uncertainty, terror.It's the first stage of psychosocial development and affects their view of the world. Trust: An abstract feeling of hopefulness, positivity, safety, belief in others.It's a life-sustaining behavior that affirms the continuation of repetitive successful behaviors. ![]() Joy: An emotion that deals with elation, euphoria, triumph, jubilation, and a deep sense of contentment.Disgust's biological significance is to promote reproductive success and avoid life-threatening objects and environments. Disgust: Signs of disgust refer to feelings of aversion, revulsion, and a rejection of contact or seeking contact.It's a genetically programmed defense of territory. Feelings of hostility, rage, aggression, and dissatisfaction may be prevalent and bring aggressive behavior like fighting. Anger: Refers to a subjectively unpleasant mental experience evoked by the real or imagined harm done to an individual or what an individual values.In Plutchik's emotion wheel, the contrasting emotion is joy. For survival, the origin is rooted in infant "separation distress" and indicates the need for emotional support. It may bring distressing emotions like weeping. Sadness: Includes feelings of sorrow, discontentment, depression, apathy, hopelessness, loneliness, and lethargy.We substantiate our claim that PyPlutchik outperforms other classic visualisations when displaying Plutchik emotions and we showcase a few examples that display our module's most compelling features. Notably, PyPlutchik allows users to display also primary, secondary, tertiary and opposite dyads in a compact, intuitive way. PyPlutchik draws the Plutchik's flower with each emotion petal sized after how much that emotion is detected or annotated in the corpus, also representing three degrees of intensity for each of them. For any enquiry about usage or installation feel free to contact the corresponding author, a Python module specifically designed for the visualisation of Plutchik's emotions in texts or in corpora. We introduce PyPlutchik the Pyplutchik package is available as a Github repository () or through the installation commands pip or conda. The most common layouts fail to preserve both features, not to mention the need of visually allowing comparisons between different corpora in a blink of an eye, that is hard with basic design solutions. The classic representation of the Plutchik's wheel follows the principles of proximity and opposition between pairs of emotions: spatial proximity in this model is also a semantic proximity, as adjacent emotions elicit a complex emotion (a primary dyad) when triggered together spatial opposition is a semantic opposition as well, as positive emotions are opposite to negative emotions. Visualisation of such emotions is traditionally carried out using the most popular layouts, as bar plots or tables, which are however sub-optimal. Related researches range from annotation tasks description to emotions detection tools. The increasing availability of textual corpora and data fetched from social networks is fuelling a huge production of works based on the model proposed by psychologist Robert Plutchik, often referred simply as the "Plutchik Wheel".
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